GS-2 Answer Paper​

Q: Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to “one nation – one election” principle. (Answer in 150 words)

Introduction:

• The concept of “One Nation – One Election” aims to synchronize elections for all levels of government.
• Various committees have suggested this reform to enhance electoral efficiency and reduce costs.

Key Points of Discussion:

• Need for Electoral Reforms:
  • Streamlining electoral processes
  • Reducing election expenses
  • Increasing voter engagement

Committees’ Recommendations:

• Kovind Panel:
  • Suggested simultaneous elections
  • Emphasized benefits for governance
• Criticism and Challenges:
  • Concerns about federalism
  • Possible impact on regional parties
  • Logistical issues in implementing simultaneous elections

Pros and Cons:

• Advantages:
  • Fewer elections lead to reduced costs
  • Enhanced governance and policy continuity
• Disadvantages:
  • Risk of diluting local issues
  • Potential voter fatigue due to reduced frequency of elections

Conclusion:
The “One Nation – One Election” principle requires a balanced approach, addressing both benefits and challenges. Continuous dialogue between stakeholders is essential for effective implementation.

Q: Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals. Whether they entertain civil as well as criminal cases? (Answer in 150 words)

Distinction Between Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals:

Key Differences:

• Definition:

  • Lok Adalats: Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism for settling disputes amicably.
  • Arbitration Tribunals: Formal legal mechanism where disputes are resolved by appointed arbitrators.

• Nature of Proceedings:

  • Lok Adalats: Informal and non-adversarial setting.
  • Arbitration Tribunals: Formal with structured rules and procedures.

• Authority:

  • Lok Adalats: Can settle civil and certain criminal cases.
  • Arbitration Tribunals: Primarily handle civil matters; criminal cases are generally excluded.

• Enforcement:

  • Lok Adalats: Awards are deemed as decrees and enforceable by law.
  • Arbitration Tribunals: Awards are enforceable under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

• Cost and Time:

  • Lok Adalats: Cost-effective and quicker resolution.
  • Arbitration Tribunals: Can involve higher costs and longer durations.

Q: “The growth of the cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalisation of the parliamentary supremacy.” Elucidate. (Answer in 150 words)

The Growth of Cabinet System and Its Impact on Parliamentary Supremacy

Understanding the Concept:

• Cabinet System: A system where the executive branch is derived from the legislative branch.
• Parliamentary Supremacy: The doctrine that parliament has absolute sovereignty and is supreme over all other government institutions.

Key Points:

• The growth of the cabinet system has shifted power dynamics within governments.
• Increased reliance on executive decisions diminishes parliamentary authority.
• The cabinet often acts with minimal parliamentary oversight, leading to potential abuses of power.
• Political stability may be prioritized over accountability, marginalizing legislative debates.

Implications:

• Reduced Legislative Influence: As cabinets gain more authority, parliaments may become less effective in their roles.
• Democratic Concerns: This shift can lead to questions about the health of democratic governance and representation.

Conclusion:
The transition towards a cabinet-centric approach has resulted in the overshadowing of parliamentary supremacy, raising concerns about the balance of power in democratic systems.

Q: “The duty of the Comptroller and Auditor General is not merely to ensure the legality of expenditure but also its propriety.” Comment. (Answer in 150 words)

The Duty of the Comptroller and Auditor General: Legality vs. Propriety

Understanding the Role:

• CAG’s Function: Ensure lawful public expenditure.
• Propriety: Beyond legality, involves ethical and responsible spending.

Importance of Propriety:

• Public Trust: Upholding integrity in financial management.
• Effective Governance: Ensuring resources are used efficiently and wisely.

Challenges Faced:

• Limited Resources: Constraints in manpower and budget.
• Political Pressure: Independence vs. influence from government bodies.

Recommendations:

• Strengthening Audits: Enhance audit methodologies.
• Training: Continuous education for auditors on ethical practices.

Conclusion:
The CAG’s duty extends beyond mere legality; it is crucial for maintaining the integrity and credibility of public finance management.

Q: Analyse the role of local bodies in providing good governance at local level and bring out the pros and cons of merging the rural local bodies with the urban local bodies. (Answer in 150 words)

Analysis of Local Bodies in Good Governance

Role of Local Bodies:

• Decentralization: Promotes local decision-making.
• Service Delivery: Provides basic services (health, education).
• Community Engagement: Involves citizens in governance.
• Accountability: Enhances transparency in operations.

Pros of Merging Rural and Urban Local Bodies:

• Resource Sharing: Optimizes resource allocation.
• Unified Policies: Streamlines governance strategies.
• Enhanced Services: Improves service delivery across regions.
• Stronger Representation: Ensures diverse voices are heard.

Cons of Merging Rural and Urban Local Bodies:

• Cultural Differences: Conflicts due to differing local needs.
• Bureaucratic Challenges: Increased complexity in decision-making.
• Neglect of Rural Needs: Urban priorities may overshadow rural issues.
• Resistance to Change: Difficulty in adapting to new structures.